About
Frederik Willem de Klerk was a South African politician who played a pivotal role in dismantling the apartheid system. He served as the final state president of South Africa from 1989 to 1994, overseeing the transition to a multiracial democracy. De Klerk shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Nelson Mandela in 1993 for their joint efforts to end apartheid and create a new South Africa. His leadership and willingness to negotiate with the African National Congress (ANC) paved the way for a peaceful transition to democracy.
Career Timeline
Elected to Parliament
De Klerk was elected to the South African Parliament as a National Party member. He began as a conservative supporter of apartheid, aligned with the regime's policies.
Minister of Internal Affairs
De Klerk was appointed to cabinet positions, rising through National Party ranks. His ministerial roles gave him influence but he remained a supporter of the apartheid system.
Elected State President
De Klerk became State President of South Africa, inheriting a country in crisis. He surprised many by immediately signaling openness to reform and negotiations.
Mandela Released, ANC Legalized
De Klerk released Nelson Mandela, legalized the ANC, and began dismantling apartheid. These bold moves transformed him from apartheid leader to reformer and brought global attention.
Nobel Peace Prize Win
De Klerk and Mandela jointly received the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the end of apartheid. The award cemented his legacy as a key figure in South Africa's peaceful transition.
Deputy President Under Mandela
De Klerk served as Deputy President in Mandela's government of national unity. His role in the transition was complete, though he faced criticism from former allies and some anti-apartheid activists.
Retirement from Politics
De Klerk retired from active politics but remained a public figure through his foundation. His influence waned as South Africa moved beyond the transition era.
Death and Contested Legacy
De Klerk died of cancer at age 85, prompting mixed reactions in South Africa. While praised internationally for ending apartheid, many South Africans criticized his failure to fully acknowledge apartheid crimes.
Complex Historical Legacy
De Klerk is remembered as a crucial figure in ending apartheid and enabling South Africa's peaceful transition to democracy. His legacy remains debated between those who credit him with necessary reforms and those who see him as complicit in decades of oppression, but his historical significance is undeniable.
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Last updated: February 23, 2026