About
Fernando Henrique Cardoso, often known as FHC, is a Brazilian sociologist, professor, and politician. He served as the 34th president of Brazil from 1995 to 2003. Cardoso was the first Brazilian president to be reelected for a subsequent term. He is an accomplished scholar of dependency theory noted for his research on slavery and political theory.
Career Timeline
Sociology Professor and Exile
Begins academic career, later exiled during the military dictatorship.
Senator and Minister of Finance
Enters politics, serving as a senator and later as Minister of Finance.
Economic Stabilization Plan
As Finance Minister, implements the Plano Real, stabilizing the Brazilian economy.
President of Brazil
Elected as President of Brazil, initiating significant economic and social reforms.
Re-elected as President
Re-elected for a second term, continuing his modernization efforts.
Leaves Presidential Office
Leaves office after two terms, having stabilized the economy and reduced inflation.
Continues to Influence Politics
Remains a respected voice in Brazilian politics, contributing to policy debates and international affairs.
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Last updated: February 25, 2026