About
Maria Gloria Macaraeg Macapagal-Arroyo, often referred to as PGMA or GMA, is a Filipino academic and politician who served as the 14th president of the Philippines from 2001 to 2010. She is the longest-serving president since Ferdinand Marcos. Before her presidency, she was the 10th vice president of the Philippines from 1998 to 2001. She has also held positions as a senator, representative, and speaker of the House.
Career Timeline
Elected to Congress
Arroyo begins her political career as a representative of Pampanga's 2nd district, following in her father's footsteps. This marks the start of her rise in Philippine politics.
Appointed Undersecretary of Trade
Serves under President Fidel Ramos, gaining executive experience and building her economic policy credentials. Her involvement in government administration strengthens her political network.
Elected Vice President
Wins the vice presidency under President Joseph Estrada, becoming the first female vice president of the Philippines. This elevated position significantly increases her national profile and influence.
Assumes Presidency After EDSA II
Sworn in as president following the People Power Revolution that ousted Estrada. As the second female president after Corazon Aquino, she becomes a major political figure in Southeast Asia.
Re-elected Amid Controversy
Wins a contested election marked by allegations of vote-rigging ('Hello Garci' scandal). Despite controversy, she consolidates power and oversees economic growth during her term.
Presidency Ends, Elected Representative
Leaves office with a mixed legacy of economic gains and corruption allegations. Immediately returns to politics as congresswoman for Pampanga, demonstrating continued political relevance.
Arrested on Electoral Sabotage Charges
Detained on charges related to the 2007 election fraud allegations, damaging her reputation significantly. She remains under hospital arrest for several years while fighting legal battles.
Elected Speaker of the House
Makes a remarkable political comeback as the first female Speaker, demonstrating her enduring influence in Philippine politics. Her legal troubles are largely behind her as she regains political stature.
Senior Stateswoman in Pampanga
Continues as a respected congresswoman and influential political figure in the Philippines. Despite past controversies, she remains a well-known and active force in Philippine politics with a legacy of economic management and political longevity.
Related Celebrities
Last updated: February 23, 2026