About
Islam Karimov was an Uzbekistani politician who served as the first president of Uzbekistan from its independence in 1991 until his death in 2016. He previously served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Uzbekistan. Karimov led Uzbekistan through a period of transition following the collapse of the Soviet Union. His rule was characterized by authoritarianism and a focus on maintaining stability.
Career Timeline
Communist Party Leader
Became First Secretary of Communist Party of Uzbekistan during Soviet era. Rose to prominence in regional Soviet politics.
Independence President
Declared Uzbekistan's independence and became first president of newly sovereign nation. Gained international recognition as Central Asian leader.
Constitutional Extension
Extended presidency through referendum, consolidating authoritarian control. Suppressed opposition while building economic ties.
Andijan Massacre
Security forces killed hundreds during protests in Andijan, drawing severe international criticism. Regime became increasingly isolated despite maintaining power.
Economic Development Push
Focused on cotton exports and natural resources, accumulating wealth while maintaining stability. Established Uzbekistan as key regional player.
Death in Office
Died after 27 years as president, leaving controversial legacy of stability and repression. International recognition but tarnished by human rights record.
Historical Assessment
Remembered as founding father of independent Uzbekistan and significant Central Asian figure. Well-known regionally with solid historical legacy despite authoritarian record.
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Last updated: February 23, 2026