About
José Ramos-Horta is an East Timorese politician who has served as the President of Timor-Leste on two occasions, first from 2007 to 2012 and again since 2022. Born on December 26, 1949, he is a prominent figure in the struggle for East Timorese independence. He was awarded the 1996 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo for their efforts to achieve a peaceful resolution to the conflict in East Timor. Ramos-Horta has held various high-level positions within the Timorese government.
Career Timeline
Begins East Timor Independence Campaign
As Indonesia invades East Timor, Ramos-Horta flees and becomes the international spokesperson for East Timorese independence. His early advocacy work is unpaid and he lives in near poverty while lobbying governments worldwide.
Awarded Nobel Peace Prize
Ramos-Horta is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly with Bishop Carlos Belo for their work toward a peaceful resolution in East Timor. This international recognition brings him global prominence and modest financial support through speaking engagements.
East Timor Gains Independence
After decades of struggle, East Timor achieves independence with Ramos-Horta playing a central role. He becomes Foreign Minister of the new nation, finally achieving his life's goal but earning modest government salaries.
Appointed Prime Minister
Ramos-Horta becomes Prime Minister during a political crisis in Timor-Leste. His Nobel Prize status and international connections help stabilize the young nation, though government service provides limited financial rewards.
Elected President of Timor-Leste
Ramos-Horta wins the presidential election, becoming head of state. While president of a small, poor nation, his Nobel Prize and international respect maintain his global profile.
Loses Re-election Bid
Ramos-Horta is defeated in his re-election campaign. Leaving the presidency, he transitions to international advisory roles and speaking engagements, leveraging his Nobel Prize status for modest income.
Returns as President Again
At age 72, Ramos-Horta wins the presidency again, demonstrating continued relevance in Timorese politics. His return shows his enduring influence in his home country, though international attention remains limited.
Serving Second Presidential Term
Ramos-Horta continues as President of Timor-Leste and remains a respected elder statesman. While well-known in his field and among those familiar with East Timor's independence struggle, he is not a global household name but maintains solid recognition as a Nobel laureate and national leader.
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Last updated: February 23, 2026