About
Mengistu Haile Mariam is an Ethiopian former politician, revolutionary, and military officer who served as the head of state of Ethiopia from 1977 to 1991. He rose to power as the chairman of the Derg, the Marxist-Leninist military junta that ruled Ethiopia. During his time as leader, he implemented socialist policies and oversaw a period of significant political upheaval, including the Ethiopian Red Terror. He later became the president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Mengistu's rule was marked by human rights abuses and civil conflict.
Career Timeline
Rise Within the Derg
Took a leading role in the military coup, marking his rise to power within the Derg.
Chairman of the Derg
Consolidated power and became chairman, initiating the Red Terror and implementing socialist policies.
Height of Power, Red Terror
Overseeing the Red Terror led to widespread repression and human rights abuses, but consolidated his regime.
Widespread Famine in Ethiopia
His regime faced criticism for its handling of the famine, which led to widespread suffering.
President of New Republic
Became the president of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, but his rule remained authoritarian and controversial.
Overthrow and Exile
Overthrown by rebel forces and fled into exile in Zimbabwe, marking the end of his regime.
Convicted of Genocide
Convicted of genocide in absentia by an Ethiopian court, further tarnishing his legacy.
Disgraced Legacy in Exile
Remains in exile, remembered for his authoritarian rule and human rights abuses. A figure of infamy.
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Last updated: February 24, 2026