Mikhail Gorbachev

Becomes Soviet General Secretary

Became General Secretary of the Communist Party, taking leadership of the Soviet Union. He quickly became one of the world's most recognizable leaders.

Perestroika and Glasnost Reforms

Implemented sweeping reforms of perestroika (restructuring) and glasnost (openness), transforming Soviet society. His policies made him Time's Person of the Decade and a global household name.

Fall of Berlin Wall

Presided over the fall of the Berlin Wall and the peaceful transition of Eastern European countries from communism. He became a symbol of the end of the Cold War and one of history's most consequential leaders.

Nobel Peace Prize Win

Awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his role in ending the Cold War peacefully. His global influence and recognition were at their absolute peak.

Soviet Union Dissolution Resignation

The Soviet Union dissolved and he resigned as its final leader, marking the end of a superpower. While globally celebrated, he became deeply unpopular at home for the USSR's collapse.

Failed Russian Presidential Campaign

Ran for Russian president but received less than 1% of the vote, showing how much Russians blamed him for economic chaos. His domestic political relevance effectively ended.

Putin Criticism and Opposition

Became increasingly critical of Putin's authoritarian turn, defending democracy and his reform legacy. He remained a respected elder statesman in the West though marginalized in Russia.

Death at Age 91

Died in Moscow after a long illness, prompting global tributes from Western leaders while Russia gave him a muted farewell. His passing marked the end of the Cold War generation.

Complex Historical Figure Legacy

Remembered as one of the most significant figures of the 20th century who peacefully ended the Cold War. His legacy remains controversial in Russia but celebrated globally as a transformative leader who changed world history.