About
Mohammad Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai is an Afghan politician and economist who served as the president of Afghanistan from 2014 to 2021. He previously worked at the World Bank and held academic positions. Ghani's presidency was marked by efforts to modernize Afghanistan, combat corruption, and negotiate peace with the Taliban. His government was eventually overthrown by the Taliban in 2021.
Career Timeline
Return to Afghanistan
Returned to Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban to serve as a special advisor to the transitional government. His World Bank experience and academic credentials positioned him as a reform-minded technocrat.
First Presidential Campaign
Ran for president but finished fourth, gaining national political recognition. His campaign focused on anti-corruption and modernization themes.
Elected President of Afghanistan
Won a contested presidential election after a runoff and power-sharing agreement with Abdullah Abdullah. His presidency began with optimism for reform and peace negotiations.
Governance Struggles
Faced mounting criticism over corruption, security failures, and ineffective governance despite reform efforts. The Taliban continued to gain territory, undermining his administration's legitimacy.
Disputed Re-election
Won re-election in a disputed vote with historically low turnout amid allegations of fraud. His second term was overshadowed by U.S.-Taliban peace negotiations that excluded his government.
Taliban Takeover and Exile
Fled Afghanistan as the Taliban seized Kabul, ending his presidency abruptly and controversially. Allegations emerged that he left with millions in cash, severely damaging his reputation.
Failed Leader in Exile
Lives in exile in the UAE, largely discredited and blamed for Afghanistan's collapse. His legacy is defined by his government's failure and controversial departure, with significantly diminished relevance and reputation.
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Last updated: February 23, 2026