About
Habib Bourguiba was a Tunisian statesman and political figure. He served as the first president of Tunisia from 1957 to 1987. Before his presidency, he was the prime minister of the Kingdom of Tunisia from 1956 to 1957. Bourguiba is celebrated for leading Tunisia to independence from France, ending a 75-year protectorate and earning him the title of "Supreme Combatant."
Career Timeline
Founds Neo Destour Party
Founded the Neo Destour party to lead Tunisia's independence movement from France. This established him as the primary nationalist leader.
Achieves Tunisian Independence
Successfully negotiated Tunisia's independence from France after 75 years of protectorate, becoming Prime Minister. This triumph earned him national hero status.
Becomes First President
Abolished the monarchy and became Tunisia's first president, consolidating power. He launched ambitious modernization and secularization reforms.
Progressive Reforms Peak
Implemented landmark Code of Personal Status advancing women's rights, education, and secular governance. These reforms made Tunisia the most progressive Arab state.
Declared President for Life
Parliament declared him president for life, marking his shift toward authoritarianism despite earlier democratic promises. His rule became increasingly autocratic.
Removed in Bloodless Coup
Ousted by his prime minister Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in a bloodless coup citing his age and health. His 30-year presidency ended as he was declared medically unfit.
Dies Under House Arrest
Died at age 96 after years under house arrest, receiving a state funeral. His complex legacy combines liberation hero with authoritarian ruler.
Founding Father Legacy
Remembered as Tunisia's founding father who achieved independence and modernized the nation, though his later authoritarianism tarnishes his legacy. He remains a respected historical figure in Tunisia and the Arab world.
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Last updated: February 23, 2026